p. 1−25
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p. 26−37
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<0.001).]]>
p. 38−49
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p. 50−58
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p. 59−66
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<0.05). Significant differences were also detected in GW % between control group and the last two treatments but there were no significant differences in SGR index between control group and the group fed diets containing 2 g ginger/per100g diet (p < /em><0.05). No significant differences were observed in their length, growth, survival rate as well as NFE (p < /em>>0.05). Also, Kruskall-Wallis test found significant difference in the amount of carbohydrate and body fiber (p < /em><0.05). The best results for growth performance, protein, lipid, and energy were found in the group fed maximum dosage of ginger powder in carp commercial diet and lowest values for these parameters were seen in the control group. Additionally, there were high amount of carbohydrate and low amount of fiber in this group. Higher level of ash was reported in the third treatment. We may therefore conclude that using Z. officinale at higher levels can be an efficacious medicine to improve quality and quantity of juvenile Cyprinus carpio growth and muscle.]]>
p. 67−85
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<0.05). The findings of the present study indicated that the combination of sodiumpolyphosphate+smoking showed a positive ability to extend the shelf life of fish sausage.]]>
p. 86−95
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<0.05). The lowest and highest protease activities of meagre larvae were 5.95±0.6 U/mg protein (15 DAH) and 211.21±12.56 U/mg protein (7 DAH), respectively. The fluctuations observed in protease activities of A. regius larvae were between 10 DAH and 32 DAH. Commercial diets such as Orange Start-S (100-200µ), Orange Start-L (200-300µ), Orange Nurse-XS (300-500µ), Orange Grow-S (300-500µ) and Orange Grow-L (500-800µ) caused the inhibitions on protease activities in meagre larvae to range from 16 to 32 DAH. The results point to the inadequacy of commercial diets such as Orange Grow-S, Orange Grow-L and suitability of Orange Start-S, Orange Start-L, Orange Nurse-XS for feeding meagre larvae during the weaning stage. For the mass production of quality juveniles, future studies should take into account the inhibitory effects of commercial diets and feed ingredients before the manufacturing process. A similar approach may be used to determine the most suitable commercial diets for use during the weaning stages of marine fish larvae to obtain the best growth performance and survival. ]]>
p. 96−107
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p. 108−126
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p. 127−137
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p. 138−149
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<0.05), juvenile beluga at the stage of first feeding with the mean body weight of 48 ± 1 mg (mean ± SE) were fed with nauplii enriched for 9 hours (T9) and the control diet, with three tanks assigned to each diet. No significant differences were observed in final weight, final length, condition factor, specific growth rate, average daily growth, and survival rate for fish fed with T9 compared to those in the control group (p < /em>>0.05). On the other hand, a decreasing trend was recorded in food conversion ratio (FCR) and final biomass changed significantly for T9 in comparison with that recorded in the control group (p < /em><0.05). The results indicated that P. acidilactici had a positive effect on growth and survival of beluga larvae, and a different time of enrichment had a significant effect on LAB effect. The best time of enrichment for beluga larvae was found to be 9 hours.]]>
p. 150−161
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<0.05). Values for HT and MCH were significantly higher in treatment 2 (normal diet+40 mg L-1 ZnO-NPs) and 9 (800 mg/kg Vit + 80 mg L-1 ZnO-NPs), and lower in treatment 3 (normal diet+80 mg L-1 ZnO-NPs) in comparison with the control group (normal diet+0 mg L-1 ZnO-NPs) (P < /em><0.05). No significant differences of MCV and MCHC were observed (p < /em>>0.05), while significant increase in neutrophils and monocytes, and decrease in lymphocyte cells were recorded (p < /em><0.05). ZnO-NPs stimulated the immune system of O. mykiss, but this effect did not have any lethality on this species at 40 and 80 mg L-1. Vitamin C in different concentrations could help to prevent rainbow trout from the toxic effects of this nano metal. ]]>
p. 162−169
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p. 170−187
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£0.01). There was a correlation in cadmium and lead concentrations between water and fish organs (kidney, liver and gill).]]>
p. 188−199
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p. 200−209
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<0.05) in survival rate in treatment groups compared with that in the control group. Shrimps fed with enriched Artemia showed a significant improvement in growth parameters when compared to those in the control group. When these juvenile shrimps were exposed to Vibrio harveyi (after 30 days) they showed notably lower mortality than the control. These results indicate that EELS has a good potential in promoting growth and antibacterial activities against V. harveyi that is useful in shrimp aquaculture.]]>
p. 210−221
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p. 222−237
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<0.05). Average initial total length of fishes (19± 1.12 centimeters) increased to 21.1± 1.12 cm in Tc and 22.46± 1.25 cm in To4 significantly (p < /em><0.05). Among all treatments, FCR, SGR, WG, CF and SR were improved in To3 group. Also carcass protein increased in To4 (32.58±1.22%) on the contrary of Ti4 (22.43±1.51%) (p < /em><0.05). As a general conclusion, dietary incorporation of organic selenium at 0.45 mg/kg showed satisfactory results in some growth parameters and was a useful supplement in salmonid fish diets.]]>
p. 238−251
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p. 274−252
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p. 275−295
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. bulgaricus) were isolated from the intestine of Tor grypus and their effects on growth performance, gut microbial flora and digestive enzymes activities (i.e., α-amylase, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and alkaline phosphatase) of Tor grypus (Karaman, 1971) were determined. Juveniles of T. grypus (n=480, weighing 45±10 g) were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (with 3 replications) and fed on diets containing 5×107 cfu g-1 of L. plantarum (G1), L. bulgaricus (G2), L. casei (G3) and a control diet (without probiotic) for 60 continuous days. Results showed that probiotic supplementations had generally significant effects on growth performance (p<0.05). The G2 group had the best effect on specific growth rate (SGR) and feed utilization efficiency in T. grypus. The digestive enzyme activities, on day 30 after feeding, significantly increased in G1 when compared with those in the control group (p<0.05). Significant changes in bacterial intestinal flora were observed in all probiotic groups compared with the control (p<0.05). Our results indicated that supplementation of isolated bacteria from the intestine of T. grypus (i.e., G2) can efficiently improve growth performance, intestinal microbiota and some digestive enzyme activities in juvenile T. grypus. Therefore, it can be isolated and used as a growth enhancer just like the commercial probiotics.]]>
p. 296−317
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p. 318−325
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<0.05) compared to the control group. The highest value of TAS (P < /em><0.05) and the lowest value of TOS (p < /em><0.05) occured in liver and heart tissues of 10 and 20 ppm concentration groups. The lowest levels of OSI were recorded in liver and heart tissues of 10, 20 and 30 ppm concentration groups compared to control group (p < /em><0.05). The highest values of total sulfhydryl groups were recorded (p < /em><0.05) in all tissues of 10 and 20 ppm groups compared with that in the control group. Finally it was observed that in liver, spleen and heart tissues of fish, the antioxidant effects of ethanolic extract of bee pollen depended on concentrations.]]>
p. 326−340
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p. 341−351
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<0.05). Average nucleotide and haplotype diversity were 0.127±0.067, 1.000±0.005 in Sardabrud River and 0.118±0.063 and 1.000±0.005 in Astara River.]]>
p. 352−365
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p. 366−381
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<0.05) compared to T2 (16.59±0.96). A significant difference (p < /em><0.05) was observed between the values of Total Haemocyte Count (THC) before and after exposing to virus in T1. Total Protein Plasma (TPP) decreased to 29.03±3.41, while it was higher than 25.96±2.75 in T3 after 7 days. Such results might be responsible for developing resistance against WSSV in gamma irradiant vaccine in L. vannamei in comparison to T3 while the cause of mortality in T2 could be due to the lower effectiveness.]]>
p. 382−396
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p. 397−404
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p. 405−410
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p. 411−421
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p. 422−430
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p. 431−440
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p. 441−450
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p. 451−456
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