.acidilactici (2 and 3 g per kg diet), FA (2 and 4 mg per kg diet) and their combinations. The results showed that the group fed a combined diet of P < span dir="RTL">. acidilactici and FA (4 mg FA+3 g P. acidilactici per kg diet) showed significant increase in body weight increase (BWI), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and condition factor (CF). However, experimental diets had no significant effects on survival rate. Both haematological indices and leucocyte counts were significantly (p < /em><0.05) influenced by dietary P < span dir="RTL">. acidilactici and FA and their combinations. In the group fed 4 mg FA+3 g P. acidilactici, lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels significantly increased compared to those fed other diets (p < /em><0.05). Moreover, the fish fed diets supplemented with 2 mg FA+ 3 g P. acidilactici per kg diet had considerably higher immunoglobulin (IgM) level (p < /em><0.05). Under the experimental conditions, dietary P < span dir="RTL">.acidilactici and FA had a synergistic effect on enhancing growth performance and immunity of A. nudiventris.]]>
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<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in none of hematological parameters between two groups. It was concluded that supplementation of AE at a rate of 1% in feed registered higher immunological responses in compared to placebo group. Therefore, supplementation of AE in fish diet would enhance the immunity responses in fish. It may use in fish diets particularly at time of outbreaks. ]]>
p. 884−896
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p. 897−906
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p. 907−919
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Cd>Cr>Hg>As) than that (Pb>Cr>Cd>Hg>As) during sexual maturity. Pollutants are effective in the accumulation of heavy and toxic metals in L. aurata in the Caspian Sea during different seasons. The concentration pattern of the metals in the three tissues was as follows: liver>gill>muscle. The difference between the concentrations of the metals in studied tissues was significant. A highly significant correlation between the elements in tissues was observed in both sexual periods. The comparison of the data obtained for muscle tissue with the WHO and NHMRC guidelines showed that the concentrations of all the five heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As) were higher than the global standard levels for these metals.]]>
p. 920−934
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p. 935−944
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p. 945−958
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p. 959−969
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., zoeas of coastal/marine crab, Ilyoplax frater, marine copepod Acartia fossae and a marine pelagic tunicate, Oikopleura dioica. Copepods were the main dominant group and Labidocera sp the most abundant species, with high abundances in winter, whereas high abundances of the Ilyoplax frater were noticed in summer. Based on SIMPER analyses, highest dissimilarity was observed between Ramleh and Lashkary and discriminating taxa for all sites were Labidocera sp followed by Ilyoplax frater contributing to more than 68% of the total average dissimilarities for all locations. The multivariate BIO–ENV procedure indicated that Labidocera sp. followed by Acartia fossae strongly correlated to the variability of depth, transparency and salinity. Finally the results showed that temporal and spatial variation in the mesozooplankton community is consistent with the dynamic character of the habitat characterized as a typical coastal marine system (with low average depths, transparency and high salinity). ]]>
p. 970−983
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p. 984−992
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<0.05) among shrimp fed diets containing higher amounts of HOP. WSSV infection loads determined by real-time PCR were also lowered. The data suggest that if shrimp growth performance is not affected, inclusion of 0.5-1 gkg-1 HOP in commercial feeds might increase resilience of pond stocks of P. monodon against WSSV disease and when disease occurs, provide farmers with a longer management window to minimize economic losses.
[a1]Change to gkg-1]]>
p. 993−1007
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p. 1008−1020
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<0.05), ranging from 7.18 g 100g-1 for Algiers to 10.07g 100g-1 for Beni saf. The fatty acid composition of S. pilchardus shows a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) dominated by n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA C22:6n-3) with maximum rates of 15.75% and 33.42%, respectively (p < /em><0.05). The saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was important in different samples of sardines, ranging from 35.50% to 41.32% according to sites of capture (p < /em>< 0.05). Concerning the heavy metals, the levels of lead (Pb) ranged from 0.013mg to 0.024mg, however those of mercury (Hg) varied from 0.080 mg to 0.130 mg (p < /em><0.05), which affects the health value of the fish species]]>
p. 1021−1029
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<0.05) was obtained for this group. The highest rate of daily weight gain (DWG) was obtained for D3 which was significantly (p < /em><0.05) much more than that for D4, D6 and D5 (the lowest increase). The highest length gain (LG) was observed in D3 which was significantly more (p < /em><0.05) in comparison with the other treatments tested. The survival rate was over 80% in all test groups and showed no significant difference (p < /em>>0.05). At the end of the period, fish were evaluated for estimated analysis of the tissue. The results of this study which was focused on the growth and development of ornamental fish H. severus fed with different levels of soybean oil suggest that the optimal level of this type of oil in their diet is 8% based on the growth parameters.]]>
p. 1030−1042
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p. 1043−1062
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p. 1063−1084
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p. 1085−1097
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<0.05). The diet with the highest level of seaweed (A) showed not only the best growth performances, survival rate, change in the flesh color desirable to the consumers and decreased cholesterol level in shrimp, but also has the best binder property for shrimp pellet making. ]]>
p. 1098−1107
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p. 1108−1113
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p. 1114−1122
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